J.P. Morgan Payments

SHOW BUSINESS

5 minute read

FEATURE

From interactive TV ads and pay-by-voice buying, to the complexities of handling money behind the scenes, entertainment companies are making payments the star of the show.

The current era in the entertainment business has been characterized by one thing: disruption. The winds of change have buffeted the industry from a number of directions—the creator economy, artificial intelligence, new forms of hardware—but one of the most significant forces has been the evolving economics of streaming services.

The impact of on-demand content has been playing out for more than a decade. Legacy companies were initially wrong-footed, before getting in on the game themselves. Internet-enabled entertainment has given us an explosion of new options, new power players, mega-mergers and market dynamics.

For consumers it has been something of a golden age of entertainment, as they have gained greater access to more music, film, TV, sports or user-generated content than ever. But behind the scenes, all that glitters is not gold. While some major streamers have reached or neared profitability, others continue to face steep losses as they attempt to scale.

There is now a growing acceptance of practices that are designed to drive revenue. After years of heavy investment to grow subscriber numbers, entertainment companies are now increasingly shifting their focus to reducing customer churn, improving balance sheets through new business models and streamlining back-office operations to cut costs.

And in this picture, payments is taking on a leading role. Here’s how.

PREVENTING SUBSCRIBER CHURN

The subscription model has been transformative in the entertainment industry. The average American now has five different subscriptions. But in many ways the sector has been a victim of its own success—the new challenge is subscriber churn. With so many different streaming options to choose from, customers will often bounce around different providers, signing up for a few weeks or months and then ditching their plan. For some streamers, the churn rate can be up to 50% per year.1

Media companies are employing a number of strategies to fight high cancellation rates. One approach is to prevent involuntary churn, such as when a customer’s card has expired and automatically declines a payment. Many streamers now receive information directly from the card issuers, so customer card details can be automatically updated upon expiry.

Another approach is to shift away from a strict reliance on subscriptions. The idea is that someone may cancel their monthly deal, but could be enticed to keep spending on the platform if different kinds of payments were possible. This could include allowing stand-alone purchases for certain products, or pay-as-you-go options.

But arguably the most novel strategy has to do with diversification. Entertainment companies are going beyond the familiar practice of simply bundling platforms together into single packages that cost less than taking out multiple subscriptions. This can still be powerful—it is estimated that bundles can reduce churn by 20% to 50% as they broaden options and offer value for money2—but the big new idea is to shift towards in-person experiences. “Tapping into things like live sports and other live events is at the forefront of what the streamers are doing right now,” says David Shaheen, Head of Media and Communications of Global Corporate Banking at J.P. Morgan. One streamer, for instance, has created physical spaces where fans can enjoy interactive experiences from their favorite shows and buy merch, while a number of others have started selling tickets to concerts or sports events.

As streamers start to straddle the physical and digital worlds, they are leaning into a key trend in modern payments: omnichannel. In a nutshell this means a single payments platform that integrates all payment channels—online, in-store, mobile—so the business has a single view of customer interactions and the customer has a consistent, joined-up experience no matter where or how they pay. Having all physical purchases tied to the same online customer account means that refunds and disputes are easier to manage, for example, while recommendations and targeted offers can be made based on entire purchase histories.

State of the art payments technology can help elevate the omnichannel experience in physical settings. Biometrics now allow people to pick up items and pay for them with a swipe of their palm or by scanning their face—sometimes ambiently, enabling them to walk out of the store without visiting a checkout—with the transaction automatically charged to the online account which already has the payment credentials. This speeds up the checkout process, reduces queues and allows the customer to be more present and immersed in the live event.

Jennifer Acosta, Global Head of Media and Communications at J.P. Morgan Payments, describes an ideal consumer journey wherein fans “pay for the ticket via a simple click on the app and immediately enroll in a biometric capability. From entering the venue, to paying for merchandise and buying concessions, you can use your face or hand to check out and spend less time waiting in line and more time experiencing the event. The idea is that you enjoy your visit from start to finish without multiple friction points.”

THE RISE OF AD TIERS

Along with building more diversified offerings, streamers have also started adding commercials as a way to raise revenues. This has been controversial, as one of the great advantages of streaming in the early days was that the viewing experience was not constantly interrupted by ad breaks. It was an important factor in the rise of these platforms, as they competed against traditional ad-based TV channels. But relying only on subscriptions has proven economically unsustainable, and most streamers now offer tiered pricing models, with a premium price charged for ad-free viewing.

In 2024, there were five streamers with more than $1 billion in ad revenue each, and growth is expected to be rapid, aided by innovation. Since streaming happens over the internet, ads can be interactive, allowing users to get more information on a product or buy it instantly.3 One popular format is “pause ads,” which appear on the screen whenever a viewer stops the action. These ads have high engagement rates, compared to standard video ads, as they are seen as unobtrusive. But they also require a fast path-to-purchase, or they can quickly turn into a frustrating inconvenience.4

In 2024, there were five streamers with more than $1 billion in ad revenue each.

Typically, interactive ads on a TV require the viewer to scan a QR code, which adds multiple extra steps to the process. The viewer needs a second device like a smartphone, which they have to find and unlock, and then they must scan the code before going through the purchase journey, all the while not watching their show. As a result, many streamers are now developing their own embedded checkout systems that are integrated with smart TVs, and allow customers to order and pay for products with a click of their remote.5, 6 According to streaming specialist Roku, shoppable ads that use a remote for purchase have a conversion rate that is four times higher than QR codes.7

There are other novel approaches around audio. It’s now possible to run interactive audio ads that allow listeners to get a voucher, request product information or book a trial through a voice command. Going further, pay-by-voice is an emerging technology that could allow listeners or TV viewers to complete an entire purchase with their voice. It works by linking that device’s virtual assistant to the customer’s preferred payment method, be it a digital wallet on a phone or a card-on-file on the streaming platform.

The user can then prompt the assistant to initiate the purchase on their behalf in response to the ad. For the transaction to complete, the user will have to confirm it with another voice command, such as a password, or with a biometric identifier, like a fingerprint or facial scan. Voice-based payments are still in their infancy, but are expected to reach $14 billion by 2030.8

CREATORS—THE $500 BILLION OPPORTUNITY

In the ultra-competitive entertainment landscape, user-generated content platforms have a significant advantage—they don’t have to pay billions of dollars to produce the content up-front.9 Instead, they either share ad revenues with creators, or pay them from a dedicated “creator fund” based on performance and milestones. At the same time, creators can augment their earnings by selling merchandise, conducting affiliate marketing or by receiving donations from fans.

As revenue streams multiply, the creator economy is growing rapidly and is expected to reach around $500 billion per year by 2027,10 as more entertainment companies look to augment their offerings with user-generated content. One streamer now allows viewers to save their favorite scenes from the shows they watch and share them with other users, and these types of features are only going to become more common.11 But with increasing scale comes more complexity. Creators frequently cite payments as a major obstacle they face, whether it’s receiving payments on time from brands they have partnered with, disputes over chargebacks, or dealing with irregular cashflow.

In response, a new generation of payment facilitators (PayFacs) are emerging that act as financial intermediaries and sit between the creators, their partners, their audience and the platforms. They can help to ensure creators get paid quickly by allowing them to draw down earnings early, as many content platforms operate on a monthly billing cycle. They also generally offer robust fraud protections, such as using machine learning to identify fraudulent transactions or chargebacks, as well as data encryption to prevent breaches.

Creators frequently cite payments as a major obstacle they face.

By selling merch or getting tips, many creators also receive micropayments, which can result in very high processing fees. To support this segment, PayPal now offers specialized pricing for small transactions under $10.12 Other PayFacs are also moving into the space. Buy Me A Coffee provides a link that can be included in the bio of a social media or YouTube profile. It allows creators to easily receive one-off or recurring donations, with relatively low transaction fees and instant payouts.

Such is the opportunity that a number of banks are looking to provide even more specialized services for creators, as a way of targeting this potential customer base. This includes creating dedicated accounts that have tailored features such as automated invoicing, expense management tools, and ways to automatically put aside tax or other contributions. As independent operators, many creators do not have access to health insurance or pension plans, and some banks are helping them access tailored programs that meet their unique circumstances. They are also launching education programs and advisory services to help creators improve their financial literacy and grow their operations. In many ways, creators are media companies unto themselves and must look to optimize back-end functions in order to boost profitability in what is an increasingly competitive environment.

TREASURY OPERATIONS

A growing focus on smart treasury management as a way to improve operations is a strategy that major entertainment firms are also following. Streamers have seen rapid international expansion for their subscriber bases. But exposure to foreign currencies means that any volatility can significantly impact earnings while making it harder to forecast cash. J.P. Morgan Payments has recently partnered with a major streamer to implement a comprehensive FX hedging management program.

Strategies include forward contracts across multiple currencies to lock down FX rates and protect against volatility, as well as layered hedging, in which a small fraction of the currency exposure is hedged each month to smooth out the overall forward rate.13, 14 More streamers will also look to work with experienced treasury partners in this area in the coming years, as they lack the in-house skills and infrastructure to manage complex hedging strategies.

Treasury is also becoming the silent star of many productions. In recent years, cross-border payments have increased to vendors and creators involved in the process. “Major blockbusters can be filmed across the world,” says Brooke Tilton-Foley, Vice President, Treasury Operations at Paramount. “A single movie can be filmed in Italy, in Dubai, then in Morocco. This is not done on a sound stage—we have film crews on-site in these locations. And they can be filming for a very short time period, so we need to have payments and payment systems, accounts, petty cash facilities, and liquidity in the local currency to pay vendors how they want to be paid.”

While shooting movies and TV shows abroad can be about maximizing the visual spectacle, it can also be a way to save money due to lower labor and production costs, and the generous tax incentives that are on offer in certain locations. To make this possible, it’s key for the entertainment companies to have a consistent and centralized technology base, so that when production managers travel to different places, they don’t have to use new treasury systems or passwords in every location. They must also be able to pay in any currency they need and have the flexibility to approve payments remotely or while on-the-go, but still within a controlled and secure environment. J.P. Morgan Payments is working with Paramount to streamline and speed up the studio’s cross-border payments and to provide tools to manage and analyze these transactions. Its solution allows Paramount to send payments in 120 currencies across 200 countries in real time.15

These types of tie-ups will grow in importance in the coming years as entertainment companies place as much emphasis on the back-office as the box office. Disruption is here to stay, and those companies that can innovate their businesses while remaining disciplined with costs will be best placed to succeed in the new entertainment landscape. Mastering payments will be a crucial pillar in that strategy as the industry continues to transform in the coming years.

Stay tuned—this is just season one.

More streamers will also look to work with experienced treasury partners in the coming years, as they lack the in-house skills and infrastructure to manage complex hedging strategies.

SOURCES: WWW.JPMORGAN.COM/PAYMENTS-UNBOUND/SOURCES

ILLUSTRATION: Raven Jiang